Fuel burner



April 22, 1941. E. VIGNEAULT FUEL BURNER Filed Feb. 20, 1959 N. Nillllllllllllllfi QM QN QH RN Patented Apr. 22, 1941 FUEL BURNER EdmondVigneault, Three Rivers, Quema-Canada, assignur to Franco-AmericanPatents Limitcd, Three Rivers, Quebec, Canada Application February 20,1939, Serial No. 257,364

3 Claims.

The present invention pertains to a novel fuel burner, and the principalobject is to provide an economical burner adapted to use any kind ofliquid fuel. The rburner constructed according to the invention isadapted to use the cheapest grades of liquid fuel and in fact, usedmotor oil with corresponding economy in heating.

This result is accomplished essentially by mixing the liquid fuel withcompressed air, pre-heating the mixture with steam that eventuallyenters the mixture, and nally admitting atmospheric air to the mixtureof liquid fuel, compressed air and steam. The pre-heating by steam inthe manner described prepares the oil mixture for ignition andcombustion, while the atmospheric airis so determined as to produce areadily com bustible mixture.

In construction, the invention comprises a series of four nozzlesarranged in co-axal alinement and spaced from each other. Liquid fuel isadmitted to the rst nozzle of the series, and compressed air,atmospheric air and steam are admitted respectively to the threesuccessive charnbers or spaces formed between the nozzles. The body isextended beyond the fourth nozzle and is formed with lateral ports toadmit more atmospheric air for completing the combustible mixture.

Another object of the invention is to provide a means for producingignition. The burner is attached to a furnace Wall, and from the burnera tube is extended through an enlarged opening in the wall. The tube ismade of heat-conducting metal and becomes heated by reason of theoversized opening in which it lies. thus acquired by the tube issunicient to ignite the fuel mixture as it issues'from the nozzles. Aspark plug is also provided in the body extension for igniting themixture when the furnace is cold or when the automatic ignition failsfor any other reason.

The invention is fully disclosed by way of example in the followingdescription and the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the device;

Figure 2 is a section on the line 2*-2 of Figure l, and

Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figure l.

Reference to these views will now be made by use of like characters thatare employed to desigr nate corresponding parts throughout.

The device is illustrated in Figure 1 as comprising a body portion Iwhich, for convenience, may be constructed of two or more parts. Thebody is formed with an axial passage 2 and is The temperature ttedinternally with a nozzle 3 communicating with the passage. An annularspace 4 is retained around the nozzle, for the purpose that willpresently be described, and the body is extended forwardly in the forniof another nozzle 5 co-axial with the rst nozzle 3 and forming therewitha chamber 6 communicating with the space 4.

A third nozzle 1 extends from the body I and surrounds the nozzle 5 toform therewith an annular chamber B. Finally, the fourth nozzle Sextends from and encloses the nozzle 1, forming a chamber I0 around thelatter. The nozzle 1 has a cylindrical tip l I which is co-terminouswith the tip of the nozzle 9, as may be seen in Figure l.

An extended body portion or discharge tube I2 is mounted on the nozzle9, extending forwardly therefrom to the wall of the furnace I3 to whichit is attached. A tube I4 extends from the forward end of the member I2into an enlarged open- `ving or heating compartment I5 in the wall I3.

A diaphragm I6 is clamped to the rear end of the body l by a suitablefitting I1. A needle valve I8 is secured to the diaphragm and extends tothe tip of the rst nozzle 3. Behind the diaphragm is a spring I9regulated by screw 20 threaded in the member I1 and having an adjustinghandle 2|. By means of the screw, the opening at the tip of the nozzle-3 is regulated to about 1/1000 of an inch.

A port 22 is drilled laterally through the member I to the passage 2 andis equipped with a ntting 23 for supplying the fuel. If any solidparticles should block the tip of the nozzle 3, the pressure developedin the chamber 2 will repel the diaphragm I 6 and needle valve I3 andthereby open the tip of the nozzle to about inch diameter. This issuicient to permit the tip of the nozzle to be cleared, after which thediaphragm and needle automatically resume their adjusted position.

The body I has another lateral port 24 connected to a fitting 25 forsupplying compressed air to the chamber 4 and chamber 6 of the secondnozzle 5. Obviously, a mixing of the fuel and air occurs in the chamber6. The flow of fluid through the tip of nozzle 5 creates a suction inthe nozzle 1, and this suction is compensated by air drawn in throughports 26 formed in the outer wall of the nozzle 1 and communicating withthe interior thereof. The outer end of the nozzle 9 is connected to atting 21, and the steam flowing through nozzle 9 envelopes the nozzle 1`and heats the mixture discharged through the latter. accomplished byreason of the extended tip II A thorough pre-heating is of the nozzle 'land the co-terminous relation of the nozzles 'l and 9, with the furtherresult that the steam does not mix with the other components until allhave been discharged from the respective nozzles.

The body extension l 2 has comparatively large air intake ports 28through which air is-drawn by the suction produced by the ow of uid inthe member l2. The ports 28 are so dimensioned as to admit sufcient airto produce a readily combustible mixture.

Because of the mounting of the tube I4 in the enlarged opening l5 of thefurnace, the tube in operation becomes heated suficiently to ignite thefuel mixture issuing from the nozzles. The tube I4 is enclosed, at leastin its inner end, in refractory material 29 to prevent it from meltingand also to permit the concentration of the jet.

When the furnace is cold, the initial ignition is accomplished by aspark plug 30 inserted in the member l2, as also shown in Figure 1. Thecombination involving the member I4 is the subject of a divisionalapplication hereof.

The fluid introduced through the fitting 21 is preferably steam toaccomplish the best results in pre-heating the mixture and aiding incombustion. By reason of this construction, it is possible to use thecheapest and crudest grades of liquid fuel and even used motor oil.

Although a specic embodiment of the invention has been illustrated anddescribed, it will be understood that various alterations in the detailsof construction may be made without departingv from the scope of theinvention, as indicated by the appended claims.

What I claim is:

l. A liquid fuel burner comprising a body having a longitudinal passage,a series of four nozzles extending therefrom in c'o-axial and spacedrelation to each other, the first nozzle communieating with saidpassage, means for admitting liquid fuel to said passage and firstnozzle, a spring-pressed valve controlling the outlet of the firstnozzle, means for admitting compressed air to the space between the rstand second nozzles, the space between the second and third nozzles beingopen to the atmosphere, means for admitting steamto the space betweenthe third and fourth nozzles, said second nozzle having an openingsmaller than the openings of said third and fourth nozzles, and a bodyextension mounted on the fourth nozzle and enclosing the same, saidextension having ports open to the atmosphere.

2. A liquid fuel burner comprising a body having a longitudinal passage,a series of four nozzles extending therefrom in co-axial and spacedrelation to each other, the first nozzle communicating with saidpassage, means for admitting liquid fuel to said passage and firstnozzle, a springpressed valve controlling the outlet of the firstnozzle, means for admitting compressed air to the space between the rstand second nozzles, the space between the second and third nozzles beingopen tothe atmosphere, means for admitting steam to the space betweenthe third and fourth nozzles, and a body extension mounted on the fourthnozzle and enclosing the same, said extension having ports open to theatmosphere, the third nozzle having an extended tip co-terminous withthe tip of the fourth nozzle.

3. A liquid fuel burner comprising a body having a longitudinal passage,a series of four nozzles extending therefrom in co-axial and spacedrelation to each other, the first nozzle communicating with saidpassage, means for admitting liquid fuel to said passage and rst nozzle,a springpressed valve controlling the outlet of the rst nozzle, meansfor admitting compressed air to the space between the rst and secondnozzles, the space between the second and third nozzles being open tothe atmosphere, means for admitting steam to the space between the thirdand `fourth nozzles, and a body extension mounted on EDMOND VIGNEAULT.

